Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that’s most commonly spread through the bite of an infected tick. Often referred to as the “invisible illness” or “great imitator,” Lyme disease can be difficult to recognize because it affects multiple systems throughout the body and mimics other medical conditions. Because the lack of visible symptoms can make diagnosis challenging, many Lyme disease cases go unrecognized or misdiagnosed.
One of the more widely recognized signs of Lyme disease is the erythema migrans (EM) rash, often referred to as the “bullseye” rash. The rash may partially clear in the center, creating the characteristic “bullseye” appearance. However, it does not always look this way and may develop in less visible areas of the body, where it can be mistaken for a different type of insect bite, skin irritation, or rash. Red lesions that are round or oval-shaped are the most common mark of a tick bite.
In some cases, multiple lesions may appear in different areas of the body, an early indication that the infection has spread through the bloodstream.
Some people may experience symptoms of Lyme disease shortly after infection, while others may not notice signs until weeks or even months later. In some cases, the bacteria can spread to the brain and spinal fluid, leading to a form of meningitis. Other possible complications include abnormal heart rhythm, inflammation of the heart muscle, arthritis, joint pain, and neurologic diseases.
“Ticks are most active during the warmer months, particularly from late spring through early fall, when people are spending more time outdoors in wooded, grassy, and brush-filled areas. While the classic ‘bullseye’ rash is a well-known sign of Lyme disease, not every patient develops that rash. Other suggestive signs and symptoms include joint pain and swelling, palpitations, and occasionally a paralysis of the nerve controlling the facial muscles called Bell’s palsy. Early evaluation is important if someone suspects a tick bite or begins feeling unwell after spending time outside.
A Lyme disease diagnosis can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. The good news is that early diagnosis and treatment are highly effective for most patients and can help prevent long-term complications. As infectious disease specialists, we work closely with a patient’s primary care physician to ensure coordinated, comprehensive care. That collaboration may include confirming the diagnosis, guiding antibiotic treatment, monitoring recovery, and addressing any lingering symptoms. By maintaining open communication with the primary care team, we can support patients throughout every stage of diagnosis, treatment, and recovery.”
Jeffrey Martinez, MD
Infectious Disease, Mount St. Mary’s Health Center
According to the CDC, an estimated 476,000 people are infected with Lyme disease every year, with an average treatment costing $1,200. But for those who receive a late diagnosis, that cost doubles. Prompt treatment can cure a Lyme disease infection and prevent costly complications that come with later intervention.
If you have concerns about Lyme disease, pay attention to any new or unusual symptoms, and be sure to tell your healthcare provider about any recent outdoor activities, tick bites, or possible tick exposure. While online resources can help you learn about Lyme disease, only a qualified healthcare professional can diagnose the condition and recommend appropriate treatment.
At Catholic Health, we are committed to delivering compassionate, patient-centered care grounded in evidence-based medical practices. Our team is dedicated to putting patients first and providing the support, education, and resources needed to help you make informed decisions about your health. We are proud to offer a wide range of outpatient services designed to promote wellness, manage chronic conditions, and help you maintain your best possible health at every stage of life.
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